Perichondritis and auricular cellulitis related to piercings as first manifestation of monkeypox / Pericondritis y celulitis auricular relacionadas con piercings como primera manifestación de viruela del mono

Introduction: Pinna infections are usually due to Staphylococcus aureus infection. It is common for the patient to have had an earring in the area of infection. Monkeypox infection has gone from being an endemic infection to a worldwide health emergency. Case summary: In this article we present five cases of monkeypox earring infection of the pinna and what common features we have seen that differentiate them from Staphylococcus aureus infection. Discussion: Symptoms of monkeypox include general malaise, fever with uni- or bilateral lymphadenopathy, and then the appearance within one or two days of skin lesions, we want to alert he otolaryngologist and the medical society to the possibility the diagnostic possibility of monkeypox in patients with an auricular perichondritis.(AU)

Introducción: Las infecciones del pabellón auricular se deben habitualmente a la infección por Staphilococcus Aureus. Es habitual que el paciente se haya realizado un pendiente en la zona de la infección. La infección por viruela del Mono ha pasado de ser una infección endémica a una emergencia sanitaria a nivel mundial. Caso: Exponemos en este artículo cinco casos de infección del pabellón auricular por pendiente por viruela del mono y que características comunes hemos visto que las diferencian de la infección por Staphilococcus Aureus. Discusión:Los síntomas de la viruela del mono incluyen malestar general, fiebre con linfadenopatía uni o bilateral, y posteriormente la aparición en uno o dos días de lesiones cutáneas, queremos alertar al otorrinolaringólogo y a la sociedad médica de la posibilidad diagnóstica de viruela del mono en pacientes con una pericondritis auricular.(AU)

Perichondritis and auricular cellulitis related to piercings as first manifestation of monkeypox.

INTRODUCTION: Pinna infections are usually due to Staphylococcus aureus infection. It is common for the patient to have had an earring in the area of infection. Monkeypox infection has gone from being an endemic infection to a worldwide health emergency. CASE SUMMARY: In this article we present five cases of monkeypox earring infection of the pinna and what common features we have seen that differentiate them from Staphylococcus aureus infection. DISCUSSION: Symptoms of monkeypox include general malaise, fever with uni- or bilateral lymphadenopathy, and then the appearance within one or two days of skin lesions, we want to alert he otolaryngologist and the medical society to the possibility the diagnostic possibility of monkeypox in patients with an auricular perichondritis.

Assessment of the perception of vertical subjectivity in children born preterm.

Children born preterm have increased rates of paediatric mortality and morbidity. Prematurity has been associated with impaired visual perception and visuo-motor integration. The alteration of the perception of verticality translates into alterations of the vestibular system at central and/or peripheral level, which may manifest itself in symptoms such as imbalance, dizziness or even vertigo. The aim of this study was to compare subjective visual vertical (SVV) test scores in children born preterm with those of children born at term at ages between 7 and 10. One hundred ten children with no neurodevelopmental disorder of 7 to 10 years of age were studied using a mobile application on a smartphone attached to a wall by means of a rotating plate. The SVV test was compared between two groups: a group of 55 preterm children (53 very preterm children born under 32 weeks of gestational age and 2 preterm with very low birth weight) and another group of 55 children born at term (after 37 weeks of gestational age). The SVV results were analysed for comparison with respect to prematurity, sex and age. We found no significant differences in the SVV study in the comparison between preterm and term children. In addition, no significant differences were observed regarding sex or age between 7 and 10 years.  Conclusion: We found no alterations in the perception of vertical subjectivity in children between 7 and 10 years of age, with antecedents of very preterm birth and/or very low birth weight. What is Known: • The different studies published so far suggest the existence of balance disorders in premature children, although in most of these studies the children are examined at an age when the vestibular system is not mature and with non-specific tests for the study of the vestibular system. What is New: • We compared the results of the subjective visual vertical (SVV) test in a group of 55 preterm children (53 very preterm children born under 32 weeks of gestational age and 2 preterm with very low weight at birth) and in a group of 55 children born at term (after 37 weeks of gestational age), at the ages of 7 to 10 years and observed no differences. • We conclude that, if there had been any vestibular alterations due to very premature birth, these must have been compensated by the age of 7.

Test-retest of the Subjective Visual Vertical Test performed using a mobile application with the smartphone anchored to a turntable.

PURPOSE: The alterations of the Subjective visual vertical test are related to vestibular pathology. Our previously validated method to distinguish between healthy and pathological individuals measures the deviation from the Subjective visual vertical using a mobile application installed on a smartphone fixed to a turntable anchored to the wall. The aim of this study was evaluating the intra-observer reliability of our method in individuals with or without vestibular pathology. METHODS: Participants were recruited consecutively. In each individual two measurements with an interval of 2 h were made. Both tests were performed by the same examiner. A total of 91 patients were included in this study, of which 25 were healthy and 66 diseased. Intra-observer reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To assess the clinical accuracy of the measurement, we calculated the standard error of the measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Intra-observer reliability was excellent with an ICC 0.95 (0.92-0.97) in the whole sample, in healthy patients 0.91 (0.80-0.96) and in pathological patients 0.92 (0.87-0.95). The SEM was calculated to be 0.59 for the whole sample (0.26 in the "healthy" group, and 0.67 in the pathological group). Likewise, the sample's MDC was 1.16, being 0.52 and 1.36 for the healthy and the pathological group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the results, our method presents an excellent intraobserver reliability. Furthermore, changes in deviation greater than 0.52 in healthy individuals and 1.36 in pathological individuals can be considered a real change in deviation.

Efficacy of the subjective visual vertical test performed using a mobile application to detect vestibular pathology.

BACKGROUND: The subjective visual vertical (SVV) test is a sensitive test of vestibular dysfunction that allows the evaluation of otolithic organs; however, with the current method, there are technical and logistical limitations that make the application of this test difficult in the conventional clinic. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of detecting vestibular pathology using the SVV via a new screening method. METHODS: A consecutive sample of 62 patients with suspected vestibular pathology was included in the study. The patients were clinically diagnosed according to the Barany Society criteria. An exploratory system was designed using a mobile application in Android that detects accelerometer oscillations and involves placing the smartphone on a rotating disk anchored to the wall. All patients underwent a SVV examination using the bucket method and the study test. A cut-off point of the ROC curve was calculated for each test, and its sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and probability ratios for detecting vestibular pathology were analysed. The SVV results were compared using the bucket test and the study test. RESULTS: We observed significant differences in sensitivity between the two tests: 86.95% for the study test versus 67.4% for the bucket test (p < 0.01). In the ROC curve, an area under the curve of 0.90 was observed for the study test, with a cut-off of 2.43 for a sensitivity of 86.95% and a specificity of 93.75%. CONCLUSIONS: SVV testing using a smartphone placed on a rotating disk anchored to the wall offers greater diagnostic accuracy than SVV using the bucket test. Both methods are inexpensive, harmless and easily accepted by patients.

Lactant amb torticoli aguda. És sempre una entitat benigna? / Lactante con tortícolis aguda. ¿És siempre una entidad benigna? / Infant with acute torticollis. Is it always a benign entity?

Introducció. L’encefalomielitis aguda disseminada (EMAD) és una malaltia inflamatòria immunomediada desmielinitzant del sistema nerviós central. Associa simptomatologia neurològica multifocal i encefalopatia. Afecta fonamentalment la població infantil, amb una incidència anual estimada en menors de catorze anys del 0,64/100.000. El diagnòstic de l’EMAD és d’exclusió. Cas clínic. Lactant de quatre mesos, sana i amb neurodesenvolupament adequat, és portada a urgències per desviació lateral dreta de cap i coll. Associa quadre catarral sense febre. A les 48 hores de l’ingrés desenvolupa oftalmoplegia, sialorrea i nivell d’alerta alternant. Atesa l’aparició de simptomatologia neurològica, es deriva a centre de referència on s’amplia l’estudi etiològic. La ressonància magnètica (RM) cerebroespinal mostra alteració d’intensitat de senyal de tàlems, nuclis lenticulars i tronc de l’encèfal esquerre. Davant la sospita d’EMAD, rep tractament amb glucocorticoides i gammaglobulina. També rep biotina i tiamina a l’espera de l’estudi metabòlic. La RM cerebroespinal al cap de deu dies mostra reducció de les lesions. La recuperació dels dèficits neurològics dos mesos després és completa. Comentaris. La clínica, l’evolució i els estudis complementaris són suggestius d’EMAD. Les lesions típiques d’aquesta entitat a la RM afecten la substància blanca subcortical profunda de forma bilateral i asimètrica. També hi pot haver afectació de ganglis de base, tàlem i tronc de l’encèfal. El diagnòstic diferencial inclou encefalitis infecciosa, esclerosi múltiple i metabolopaties. La primera línia de tractament són els bols de glucocorticoides. La majoria de casos presenta recuperació completa. L’interès del cas exposat rau en l’edat de presentació. (AU)

Introducción. La encefalomielitis aguda diseminada (EMAD) es una enfermedad inflamatoria inmunomediada desmielinizante del sistema nervioso central. Asocia sintomatología neurológica multifocal y encefalopatía. Afecta fundamentalmente la población infantil con una incidencia anual estimada en menores de 14 años del 0,64/100.000. El diagnóstico de EMAD es de exclusión. Caso clínico. Lactante de 4 meses, sana y con adecuado neurodesarrollo, es traída a urgencias por desviación lateral derecha de cabeza y cuello; asocia cuadro catarral sin fiebre. A las 48 horas del ingreso desarrolla oftalmoplejía, sialorrea y nivel de alerta alternante. Dada la aparición de sintomatología neurológica, se deriva a centro de referencia donde se amplía el estudio etiológico. La resonancia magnética (RM) cerebroespinal muestra alteración de intensidad de señal de tálamos, núcleos lenticulares y tronco del encéfalo izquierdo. Ante la sospecha de EMAD, recibe tratamiento con glucocorticoides y gammaglobulina. También recibe biotina y tiamina a la espera del estudio metabólico. La RM cerebroespinal a los 10 días muestra reducción de las lesiones. La recuperación de los déficits neurológicos dos meses después es completa. Comentarios. La clínica, evolución y estudios complementarios son sugestivos de EMAD. Las lesiones típicas de esta entidad en la RM afectan la sustancia blanca subcortical profunda de forma bilateral y asimétrica. También puede haber afectación de ganglios de base, tálamo y tronco del encéfalo. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye encefalitis infecciosa, esclerosis múltiple y metabolopatías. La primera línea de tratamiento son bolus de glucocorticoides. La mayoría de casos presenta recuperación completa. El interés del caso expuesto radica en la edad de presentación. (AU)

Introduction. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating immune mediated inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. It associates multifocal neurological symptoms and encephalopathy. It predominantly affects children, and its annual cumulative incidence in children under 14 years is 0.64/100,000. The diagnosis of ADEM is one of exclusion. Case report. A previously healthy 4-month-old infant with adequate neurodevelopment was seen in the emergency department due to acute onset of right lateral deviation of head and neck, associated with cold symptoms without fever. 48 hours after admission, the infant developed ophthalmoplegia, sialorrhea and alternating alert level. Given the development of neurological symptoms, she was referred to a tertiary hospital for evaluation. Cerebrospinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed altered signal intensity of the thalamus, lenticular nuclei, and left brainstem. ADEM was suspected and glucocorticoids and gamma globulin were administered. She also received biotin and thiamine while awaiting results of a metabolic panel. Cerebrospinal MRI at 10 days showed improvement of the lesions, and a full recovery was reached after two months. Comments. The clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, and clinical evolution are suggestive of ADEM. Typical MRI lesions involve deep subcortical white matter bilaterally and asymmetrically. There may also be involvement of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem. Differential diagnosis includes infectious encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, and metabolic diseases. First line treatment are glucocorticoids. Most cases have complete recovery. The interest of the case lies in the age of presentation. (AU)

Nena de 5 anys amb lesions cutànies simètriques de tres dies d'evolució / No disponible

No disponible